The New Push to Get Rid of Paper

Three decades after "paperless office" entered the business lexicon, = the=20 financial and environmental need to reduce paper is greater than = ever

by Arik = Hesseldahl

Thirty-three years ago this month the phrase "paperless office" = entered the=20 business lexicon in a BusinessWeek article titled "The=20 Office of the Future." In the article, George Pake, the legendary = head of=20 the Xerox (XRX)=20 Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), foresaw technology that by 1995 would = let=20 computer users summon on-screen documents "by pressing a button," = eliminating=20 the need for much if not all the printed paper cluttering workspaces. =

Pake's vision was half-right. Offices brim with network-linked = computers,=20 loaded with software that lets users create, read, duplicate, and = distribute=20 digital documents. But the dream of a workplace where all that = technology would=20 eliminate the need for printed documents remains just that=E2=80=94a = dream.

Indeed, some of the very machinery that makes paper theoretically = obsolete=20 has helped make it all the more ubiquitous. Devices that scan and = convert=20 documents to a digital format double as printers and copiers=E2=80=94and = they've become=20 so small, cheap, and easy to use that they're on=E2=80=94or = near=E2=80=94every desktop. "The=20 decision to print has gotten much closer to the owner of the document," = says=20 David Pineault, a paper economist and analyst at consulting firm InfoTrends.=20 According to RISI, a research firm that tracks forest products, in 1975 = the=20 average U.S. office worker used 62 pounds of paper a year. By 1999, that = figure=20 peaked at 143 pounds, but in 2006 it was still at 127 pounds.

Think Before Printing

Three decades on, the financial and environmental imperative to = reduce paper=20 use is all the more real. Last year, U.S. companies printed 1.5 trillion = pages,=20 according to research firm IDC. That's a 95,000-mile-high stack of = paper, or the=20 equivalent of 15 million to 20 million trees. RISI analyst John Maine = esimates=20 that companies will spend about $8 billion this year on paper alone; = that=20 doesn't include costs for ink, toner, or running copiers, printers, and = fax=20 machines. In the typical office, for every dollar spent on printing = documents,=20 companies incur another six dollars in handling and distribution, = according to=20 Xerox.

Little wonder that the will to go paperless remains strong in parts = of=20 Corporate America. It's showing up in ways big and small, from = admonitions at=20 the bottom of e-mails to think before pressing the print button, to = notes posted=20 alongside printers asking whether all that printing is really necessary, = to=20 companywide crusades to reduce paper use.

Pittsburgh-based PNC Bank (PNC) is among financial institutions doing their part = by sending=20 electronic statements and credit-card bills. "As late as five years ago=20 everything we did was paper-based," says Doug Lippert, a PNC = vice-president.=20 "Our customers started asking for paperless statements because they're = used to=20 having their information available immediately."

PNC Turns to PDF

After a series of promotions, 15% of PNC's 3 million retail customers = began=20 getting their statements delivered by e-mail as documents in PDF, or = Portable=20 Document Format, a system developed by Adobe Systems (ADBE). In = addition,=20 80% of internal company reports are created and filed electronically. = The=20 company began printing all other documents on both sides of the page by = default,=20 and replaced printers and copiers with multifunction devices that = combine the=20 jobs of a printer, copier, scanner, and fax machine into a single unit.=20 Companywide paper use dropped by 20%. Lippert declines to disclose = specific=20 cost-saving figures but describes them as "substantial." Postage for = mailing=20 statements alone cost more than $1 million a month, Lippert notes.

Savings for other companies could be substantial too, though many = don't pay=20 close heed to paper-related costs, says Forrester Research (FORR) = analyst Craig Le=20 Clair. Printers, copiers, and fax machines have a funny way of = multiplying=20 haphazardly. One company advised by Le Clair thought it had 150 fax = machines,=20 but a detailed search turned up 1,000, many of which were rarely used. = And how=20 vital are those printed documents, anyway? Researchers at Xerox found = that about=20 half of the documents printed in a typical office are thrown away within = 24=20 hours.

Of course, some of the financial and environmental benefits of = reducing paper=20 use may be offset by the power and bandwidth consumption by machines = that handle=20 digital document creation and distribution. But that's not deterring = many=20 businesses from attempting to reduce paper waste.

Imposing Limits on Employee Printing

Other methods of limiting paper use include restricting the number of = printers per employee. Printers are usually shared by two or three = employees,=20 but boosting the employee-to-printer ratio to about 8 to 1 slows paper=20 consumption by making printing that much less convenient. "CIOs are = realizing=20 how much waste is generated by their printers and copiers and fax = machines," Le=20 Clair says. Valerie Mason-Cunningham, a Xerox vice-president, says it's = not=20 uncommon for companies to find they can cut costs related to documents = by 10%=20 but in some cases as much as 40%. "Everyone thinks about reducing = printing=20 costs, but that's just the tip of the iceberg," she says.

Some companies track who's printing what and in some cases impose = monthly=20 limits on how many pages an employee can print. PrintAudit is a = Vancouver-based=20 maker of software that tracks how printers and copiers are used. "Once = you have=20 that information you can help the customer figure out where you can = reduce=20 costs, according to a set of rules," says PrintAudit President John = MacInnes.=20

PrintAudit sells its software to large office equiment vendors like = Xerox and=20 Ricoh=20 that in turn offer it as an option to customers. MacInnes estimates = PrintAudit=20 software is in use by a half-million people at companies around the = world, and=20 collectively their paper savings amount to about 90,000 trees a year, he = reckons.

Digital Signatures Pave the Way

Anyone who's even come close to buying a house can attest to the = mountains of=20 paper amassed by the mortgage industry. Peabody (Mass.)-based 1-800 East = West=20 Mortage cut its annual paper use by two-thirds, in part by using a Xerox = product=20 that replaces paper with Web-based forms, digital disclosure documents, = and=20 electronic signatures, says Gary Roche-Bernard, the company's director = of=20 information technology. Funding turnaround times went from an average of = 15 days=20 to 4, storage costs dropped by 75%, and the number of leased copiers = went from=20 12 to 6. "There have been studies that put the paper costs of mortgages = at $250=20 to $300," says Judson Phillips, a Xerox vice-president. "We can get = those costs=20 down in the low teens on a typical mortgage."

Clearly, paper isn't going away any time soon, says Richard Harper, a = Microsoft (MSFT)=20 researcher and co-author of The Myth of the Paperless = Office (MIT=20 Press, 2001). Paper, he argues, allows the kind of collaborative work = that makes=20 the modern office more productive. We can pick it up and hand it to = another=20 person, spread pages of a document out before us, and consider each page = out of=20 order or in ways that aren't possible on a screen. "One might argue that = the=20 mind better grasps an argument when it has physical properties," Harper = says.=20

But as more companies grasp the ease and cost benefits of going = paperless,=20 change will come. "It always takes longer than we expect to change the = way that=20 people customarily do their business," opined tech executive Evelyn = Berezin back=20 in that 1975 article. She should know. At the time, she was president of = Redactron, then the second-largest supplier of word-processing = typewriters=20 behind IBM (IBM).=20

For more on the paperless office, see BusinessWeek.com's = slide show.=20

Hesseldahl is a = reporter for=20 BusinessWeek.com.

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"akAPI";=0A= var akResultsTitle =3D (bodyClass =3D=3D "topNews")?"MORE FROM = BUSINESSWEEK":"READERS ALSO READ";=0A= var akMaxNum =3D "5";=0A= var akKeywords =3D writetype + " " + writepubdate; =0A= =0A= var akScript =3D document.createElement('script'); =0A= akScript.setAttribute('src', = 'http://api.aggregateknowledge.com/2007/01/15/js/' + Math.floor((new = Date().valueOf()) / 3600000) + '.js');=0A= document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(akScript);=0A= =0A= =0A= /* END - Aggregate Knowledge Test - 4.18.07 -removed 6.01.07 - = reinstalled 7.30.07*/=0A= =0A= =0A= /* removed 6.24.08 - Related Items from SPHERE */=0A= =0A= =0A= //=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=0A= // Revenue Science =0A= //-----------------------------------------------------------------------= -------=0A= // * (see also Tacoda_AMS_DDC_Header.js) install with channel map = 06.19.07=0A= //=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=0A= =0A= /* DM_cat removed 7.28.07 */=0A= if (window.DM_tag) {=0A= DM_tag();=0A= }=0A= =0A= /* iCrossing tracking code : removed 4/29/09 */=0A= =0A= =0A= //=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=0A= // QuantCast=0A= //-----------------------------------------------------------------------= -------=0A= // Notes:=0A= // * First added on 9/19/2008=0A= // * There is no corresponding code in header=0A= //=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=0A= =0A= _qoptions=3D{=0A= qacct:"p-659poqafTXEcw"=0A= };=0A= document.write('');=0A= =0A= =0A= //=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=0A= // Dynamic Logic Node Tag=0A= //-----------------------------------------------------------------------= -------=0A= // Notes:=0A= // * Added on 5/20/2010 -- PY=0A= // * There is no corresponding code in header=0A= // * Added as per BBG DRQS 19807734=0A= //=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=0A= =0A= document.write(''= );=0A= =0A= =0A= //=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=0A= // comScore=0A= //-----------------------------------------------------------------------= -------=0A= // Notes:=0A= // * First added on 12.15.2009=0A= // * There is no corresponding code in header=0A= //=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=0A= $(document).ready(function(){=0A= $.getScript('http://b.scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js',function(){=0A= COMSCORE.beacon({=0A= c1:2,=0A= c2:3005059,=0A= c3:"",=0A= c4:"",=0A= c5:"",=0A= c6:"",=0A= c15:""=0A= });=0A= });=0A= });=0A= ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CB059B.2B635130--